INTRODUCTION:

Kidney failure, is when kidneys don't work as well as they should. The term "kidney failure" covers a lot of problems. These problems can result in kidney failure: Your kidney doesn't get enough blood to filter. Your kidney is hurt by a disease like, high blood sugar (diabetes), high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease. And your kidney is blocked by a kidney stone or scar tissue.¹

Causes of acute kidney failure include low blood pressure, blockage of the urinary tract, certain medications, muscle breakdown, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease. Diagnosis of acute failure is often based on a combination of factors such as decrease urine production or increased serum creatinine. Diagnosis of chronic failure is based on a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 or the need for renal replacement therapy. It is also equivalent to stage 5 chronic kidney disease.

Symptoms of kidney failure include the following: High levels of urea in the blood, which can result in: Vomiting or diarrhea (or both) may lead to dehydration, Nausea, Weight loss Nocturnal urination (nocturia), More frequent urination, or in greater amounts than usual, with pale urine Less frequent urination, or in smaller amounts than usual, with dark coloured urine Blood in the urine Pressure, or difficulty urinating unusual amounts of urination, usually in large quantities².

A build up of phosphates in the blood that diseased kidneys cannot filter out may cause: Itching, Bone damage, Non-union in broken bones, Muscle cramps (caused by low levels of calcium which can be associated with hyper-phosphatemia). A build up of potassium in the blood that diseased kidneys cannot filter out (called hyper kalemia) may cause: Abnormal heart rhythms, Muscle paralysis. Failure of kidneys to remove excess fluid may cause: Swelling of the hands, legs, ankles, feet, or face, Shortness of breath due to extra fluid on the lungs (may also be caused by anemia), 2 Polycystic kidney diseases, which causes large, fluid-filled cysts on the kidneys and sometimes the liver, can cause: Pain in the back or side and ect.³

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of normal. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly. Symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion. Complications of acute and chronic failure include uremia, high blood potassium, and volume overload. Complications of chronic failure also include heart disease, high blood pressure, and anemia.⁴

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global threat to health in general and for developing countries in particular, because therapy is expensive and life-long. In India ∼90% patients cannot afford the cost. Over 1 million people worldwide are alive on dialysis or with a functioning graft. Incidence of CKD has doubled in the last 15 years. In the USA, ∼30 million people suffer from CKD and by 2010 >600 000 patients will require renal replacement therapy, costing US$28 billion⁵

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding life style modification on renal failure among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

2. To evaluate the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding lifestyle modification among renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.

3. To find out the association between the selected demographic variables and their post test knowledge score.

HYPOTHESES

H1: There will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge on lifestyle modification on renal failure among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

H2: There will be significant association between the selected demographic variable and their post-test level of knowledge score regarding lifestyle modification on renal failure among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Quantitative research approach.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

A pre-experimental study – one group pre-test & post-test design.

VARIABLES:

· Independent variable: In this study, independent variable is self instruction module on lifestyle modification for hemodialysis patients. Demographic variables will be selected such as age, gender, education, occupation, place of residence, and source of information, types of hemodialysis access, duration of undergoing hemodialysis and number of hemodialysis per week.

· Dependent variable: In this study, dependent variable is knowledge on lifestyle modification to renal failure.

SETTING:

The study will be conducted in selected Hospitals at Rajkot.

POPULATION:

The population consists of renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis in selected hospital at rajkot.

Target Population: Renal failure patients in selected hospital at rajkot.

Accessible Population: Renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis in selected hospital at rajkot.

SAMPLING SIZE: The sample size of the study will be 40 renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: The research study was conducted by Non probability purposive sampling.

Data analysis: The responses were analyzed through descriptive statistics (Frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (t-test and Chi-Square).

Demographic Findings:

1. The majority of 22(55%) sample’s age is between 31-46 years.

2. The majority of 21(52.5%) samples are female.

3. The majority of 19(47.5%) samples are secondary education.

4. The majority of 16(40%) samples are daily wager.

5. The majority of 27(67%) samples are from urban area.

6. The majority of 38(95%) samples are having source of information from none.

7. The majority of 35(87.5%) samples are having types of hemodialysis from A.V. fistula.

8. The majority of 37(92.5%) samples are having duration of undergoing hemodialysis from 4-5 hrs.

9. The majority of 22(55%) samples are having number of hemodialysis per week from 2 time.

The study shows that the calculated chi square value is greater than tabulated value at the level of 0.05 for selected demographic variables gender and place of residence, rest all the calculated chi square value is less than tabulated value at the level of 0.05 for selected demographic variables, which shows there is no significant association between effectiveness of self instruction module and selected demographic variables.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The basic aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of self instruction module on Renal failure among patients undergoing hemodialysis ward. The study has been conducted by using pre-experimental design. B. T. Savani Hospital has been selected for conducting the study. The sample size was 40; patients having lifestyle modification among renal failure patients undergoing in hemodialysis ward were selected. The result value was 18.5352 that highly significant at p<0.001 level.

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that most of the patients undergoing hemodialysis had inadequate and moderate level of knowledge in pre test and they improved to moderate and adequate level of knowledge in post test. This shows the imperative need to understand the purpose of the self instruction module regarding improving the knowledge about lifestyle modification among renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis and it will improve the practice of lifestyle modification to control renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.

REFERENCES:

1. Urology Care Foundation the Official Foundation of the American Urological Association Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

2. Urology Care Foundation the Official Foundation of the American Urological Association Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

3. Urology Care Foundation the Official Foundation of the American Urological Association Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

4. Urology Care Foundation the Official Foundation of the American Urological Association Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

5. Jeffrrey Michael, Nephrology (online) Available from https:// nyulangone.org/conditions/kidney-disease-in-adults/diagnosis

Received on 15.02.2024 Modified on 04.03.2024

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2024; 12(2):86-88.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2024.00019